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Consumer Protection Claims by Governments Are Discharged in Chapter 11

Consumer protection claims brought by states are nondischargeable in chapter 11 only when the state has been the target of fraudulent representations.

Filing a Dischargeability Motion Rather Than a Complaint Is Not Fatal

Relation-back kicks in if an earlier motion contains the elements of a complaint.
Court: 

Another Example: Student Loans Are Virtually Impossible to Discharge

District court second-guesses the sufficiency of evidence that the bankruptcy court found sufficient.

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